The reign of Henry III marked a period of significant architectural transformation in the UK, moving away from the Norman style towards the early English Gothic. This transition was marked by the development of new forms and techniques in building, largely influenced by the demands of a growing population.
Types of Dwellings
Common dwellings ranged from simple huts made of wattle and daub for the lower classes to timber-framed houses for the wealthier citizens and stone structures for the nobility. Castles and fortifications were prominent, representing the security demands of the time.
The Average Dwelling and Day-to-Day Life
Most commoners lived in small, one-room houses with a central hearth. Life for the majority of people was centered around farming and manual labor, with the rhythms of life determined by the seasons and the requirements of agriculture.
Significant Building Achievements
Henry III’s reign is well-known for the expansion of Westminster Abbey, marking the advent of the English Gothic style. Also, numerous castles and fortifications were built or upgraded, including the Tower of London and Windsor Castle.
The UK Population and Its Influence on Society
During Henry III’s reign, the UK's population grew steadily, leading to an increased demand for housing and infrastructure. This resulted in the development of new towns and the expansion of existing ones, influencing the construction sector significantly.
Changes in Society and the Influence of Construction Materials
The period saw the gradual transition from a feudal society to a more centralized administration. As a result, more administrative and public buildings were constructed. Timber, wattle, and daub were common building materials, with stone and brick used for significant structures and defensive buildings.